中文摘要：
指纹是人类生物特征的主要组成部分之一。人类在漫长的发展历程中,人类留存的生物特征信息日渐泯灭。随着生物技术的飞速发展,基于信物或密码的传统安全系统显得越来越脆弱而不能适应现代安全防御系统的需求,因而人们想通过研究其它识别技术来满足日常生活中的需要。人们更加渴望安全程度更高、识别速度更快、防止伪造性能更好的现代安全系统,在这种背景下,指纹识别技术应运而生。指纹识别技术作为一种相对来说比较可靠的生物识别技术[1]一定程度上得到人们的看重,同时也满足了人们对各项性能优异的识别技术的需求。人们发现不同个体的指纹具有两大明显的特点,即唯一性和不变性。也就是说指纹特征是人从出生到离开一辈子的时间里不会改变的生物特征之一,另外因为个体的差异,不同的人,对他们手上的指纹特征分别进行比较,其结果几乎不存在相同的情况。同时采取指纹识别技术来鉴定花费的费用和其它识别技术相比来说比较低,而且最后产生的效果好,例如指纹门禁系统、司法鉴定、案例分析、计算机运用系统、银行技术等方面。所以其作为身份鉴定的一种方法,并且凭借着其身具有的良好安全性、保密性和方便性。在近几年来得到了飞速发展并广泛应用于社会中的安全和经济领域中,大有取代传统身份识别方式的趋势,未来会有良好的应用场景。本篇文章首先介绍了指纹识别的研究背景与研究意义,其次介绍了不同生物识别技术并与指纹识别技术做了比较,然后分析了指纹识别一些具体的应用,最后对指纹识别的基本步骤作了简单的介绍,主要是三个步骤,它们各自是指纹图像的预处理、特征提取、指纹的匹配[2]。重点研究了指纹图像预处理,在指纹图像预处理部分,论文对预处理各个步骤包括预处归一化处理、二值化处理和细化处理等以及各个步骤的方法进行了深入的分析及研究,经过一系列的预处理操作过程之后,指纹图像将会最终变为纹线宽度不均匀的呈现出明显的黑白效果的二值化图像,这样的二值化图像是一个宽度为只含有0和255像素值即使统一像素的细化后的图像。在指纹特征提取部分,采用基于MATLAB指纹细节特征提取方法。指纹特征提取的目的是获取细节特征点(即端点和交叉点)。这些特征点从细化后的指纹图像中能够查询并且找到的。最终我们可以对指纹进行自动匹配,靠的是特定的指纹图像的特征,包括端点和交叉点。实验表明,该方法效果良好。本论文中采用MATLAB编程实现所有算法。
英文摘要：
Fingerprints are one of the main components of human biological characteristics.In the long course of human development,the biometric information retained by humans is gradually disappearing.With the rapid development of biotechnology,traditional security systems based on tokens or passwords are becoming more and more fragile and cannot meet the needs of modern security defense systems.Therefore,people want to study other identification technologies to meet the needs of daily life.People are more eager for modern security systems with higher security,faster recognition speed,and better anti-counterfeiting performance.Under this background,fingerprint recognition technology came into being.As a relatively reliable biometric technology,fingerprint recognition technology has been valued by people to a certain extent,and it also meets people's needs for recognition technology with excellent performance.It is found that fingerprints of different individuals have two obvious characteristics,namely uniqueness and invariance.In other words,fingerprint characteristics are one of the biological characteristics that will not change from birth to life.In addition,due to individual differences,different people compare the fingerprint characteristics on their hands,and the results are almost non-existent.The same situation.At the same time,the cost of fingerprint identification technology is lower than other identification technologies,and the final results are good,such as fingerprint access control system,judicial identification,case analysis,computer application system,banking technology and so on.Therefore,it is used as a method of identity verification,and with its good security,confidentiality and convenience.In recent years,it has developed rapidly and is widely used in the security and economic fields of society.There is a tendency to replace traditional identification methods,and there will be good application scenarios in the future.This article first introduces the research background and research significance of fingerprint recognition,secondly introduces different biometric technologies and compares them with fingerprint recognition technology,then analyzes some specific applications of fingerprint recognition,and finally makes the basic steps of fingerprint recognition A brief introduction,mainly three steps,they are the pre-processing of fingerprint images,feature extraction,fingerprint matching.Focus on the research of fingerprint image preprocessing.In the fingerprint image preprocessing section,the thesis has conducted in-depth analysis and research on the various steps of preprocessing including preprocessing normalization processing,binarization processing and thinning processing,etc.After a series of preprocessing operations,the fingerprint image will eventually become a binarized image with uneven line width and a significant black-and-white effect.Such a binarized image is a width of only 0 and The 255 pixel value is a uniform image of the refined pixel.In the fingerprint feature extraction part,the method based on MATLAB fingerprint feature extraction is adopted.The purpose of fingerprint feature extraction is to obtain detailed feature points(ie endpoints and intersections).These feature points are found from the refined fingerprint image.Finally,the fingerprints are automatically matched according to the characteristics of the endpoints and intersections of specific fingerprint images.Experiments show that this method works well.In this paper,MATLAB programming is used to implement all algorithms.
